7α-Acylthio-1α,2α-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactones, their production and pharmaceutical preparations containing them

ABSTRACT

7α-acylthio-1α,2α-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactones of Formula I ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## and R is a lower saturated acyl radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 
     have a stronger antialdosterone effect and lower side effects than spironoloctone.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to new 7α-acylthio-1α,2α-methylene -3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17 carbolactones, processes for producing them and pharmaceutical preparations containing them as active ingredients.

In treatments with spironolactone there frequently occur undesirable endocrine side effects that are caused by the antiandrogenic and gestagenic activity of spironolactone. For example, the occurrence of gynecomastia is observed in extended treatment of male patients with spironolactone (Smith, W. G., The Lancet 1962, p 886; Mann, N. M., JAMA 1963, p 778; Clark, E., JAMA 1965, p 157; Greenblatt, D. J., JAMA 1973, p 82) as well as impotence (Greenblatt, D. J., JAMA 1973, p 82) which can be traced to the antiandrogenic side effect of this compound (Steelman, S. L. et al, Steroids 1963, p 449; Schane, H. P., J. of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1978, p 691).

The side effects on women treated with spironolactone, such as amenorrhea and menstrual irregularities, on the other hand, are ascribed to the gestagenic side effect of spironolactone. Both side effects can be demonstrated in animal experiments as well as in vitro using the conventional receptor binding test with the androgen or gestogen receptor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide compounds that are superior to spironolactone in antialdosterone effect and at the same time exhibit endocrine side effects as low as possible and which are at worst comparable to those of spironolactone.

Upon further study of the specification and appended claims, further objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

These objects have been attained by providing 7α-acylthio-1α,2α-methylene -3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactones of formula I ##STR3## wherein ##STR4## R is a lower saturated acyl radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

DETAILED DISCUSSION

R in Formula I is a lower saturated acyl radical, e.g., C₂₋₄ -alkanoyl, e.g., acetyl, propionyl or butryl, the acetyl and propionyl groups being preferred.

The new compounds of Formula I have the properties of neutralizing or reversing the effect of aldosterone or deoxycorticosterone on the elimination of sodium and potassium. The compounds according to this invention are thus suited for the treatment of certain forms of hypertension, e.g., those treatable by spironolactone, edemas, primary aldosteronism, and other endocrine disturbances caused by aldosterone. They can also be used as diuretics.

The antialdosterone effect of this invention was determined and measured in an experimental model by Hollmann (G. Hollmann et al, Tubular Effects and Renal Elimination of Spironolactones, Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Exp. Path Pharmak. 247 (1964), p 419; P. Marx, Renal Effects of d-aldosterone and Its Antagonist Spironolactone, Diss. Med. Fak. FU Berlin, 1966).

The androgen receptor binding test is conducted as follows:

The androgen receptor (protein) contained in the cytosol of a homogenate of rat prostates binds dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with high affinity but with low capacity. If this receptor is charged with ³ H-DHT in the presence of the compound to be tested, the concentration and the binding affinity of the compound to be tested determine the degree to which ³ H-DHT is displaced from the receptor. After separation of the receptor-bound DHT from the non-bound, binding can be determined in percent, and this value can be plotted against the logarithm of the molar concentration of the test substance. The concentration of the test substance required to displace the reference substance completely from the receptor is then determined. The competition factor (CF) as a measure of the binding strength is defined as the ratio of the concentration of the test substance to the concentration of the reference substance, so that a high CF value indicates low binding strength, whereas a low CF value indicates high affinity.

The antiandrogen effect can be determined with compounds which in themselves have no androgen effect but which through their high binding affinity fully or partially displace the body's own androgen from the receptor, as is observed to a certain degree with spironolactone. Thus, a high competition factor is desirable in the androgen and gestagen receptor tests.

The gestagen receptor test is conducted in analogous manner using cytosol from rat uterus homogenate.

The following table summarizes the relative values of the degree of antialdosterone effect (spironolactone=1) and the competition factors in the androgen receptor test (K_(A)) and in the gestagen receptor test (K_(G)) of spironolactone and the compounds of this invention as exemplified by

7α-acetylthio-1α,2α;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (B)

and

7α-acetylthio-1α,2α;15α,16α-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone (C)

                  TABLE                                                            ______________________________________                                                   Relative                                                                         antialdosterone                                                                             Competition Factor                                    Compound    effect       K.sub.A  K.sub.G                                      ______________________________________                                         Spironolactone                                                                             1            8.9      21                                           B           2-3          15       7.8                                          C           3-4          16       19                                           ______________________________________                                    

The table shows that the compounds according to this invention have a considerably stronger antialdosterone activity, without the endocrine side effects also being stronger. The latter are of the same order of magnitude as those of spironolactone or even lower.

The pharmacologically active compounds of this invention can be processed in accordance with conventional methods of galenic pharmacy to produce medicinal agents for administration to patients, e.g., mammals including humans. Conventional excipients are pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic carrier substances suitable for parental, enteral or topical application which do not deleteriously react with the active compounds. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, water, salt solutions, alcohols, gum arabic, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, gelatine, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, perfume oil, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, hydroxy-methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc. The pharmaceutical preparations can be sterilized and if desired mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g., lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, coloring, flavoring and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously react with the active compounds.

For parenteral application, particularly suitable are injectable sterile solutions, preferably oily or aqueous solutions, as well as suspensions, emulsions, or implants, including suppositories. Ampoules are convenient unit dosages.

For enteral application, particularly suitable are tablets, dragees, suppositories or capsules having talc and/or a carbohydrate carrier or binder or the like, the carrier preferably being lactose and/or corn starch and/or potato starch. A syrup, elixir or the like can be used wherein a sweetened vehicle is employed. Sustained release compositions can be formulated including those wherein the active compound is protected with differentially degradable coatings, e.g., by microencapsulation, multiple coatings, etc.

Generally the compounds of this invention are dispensed in unit dosage form comprising 10-100 mg in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier per unit dosage.

The dosage of the compounds according to this invention generally is 20-500 mg/day when administered to patients, e.g., humans, e.g., as an antialdosterone, analogously to the known agent spironolactone. Suitable dosages and regimens for a given host can be determined using conventional considerations, e.g., by customary comparison of the differential activities of the subject compound and of a known agent, e.g., by means of an appropriate, conventional pharmacological protocol.

Preparation of the compounds of the invention of Formula I can be effected conventionally by a process comprising reacting a compound of Formula II ##STR5## in fully conventional manner, with a thiocarboxylic acid of Formula III

    R' - - - S - - - H

wherein R' is a lower saturated acyl radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, in a polar protic solvent, at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling temperature of the solvent.

Reaction of the compounds of Formula II with the corresponding thioacid acyl-SH in the presence of a protic solvent such as methanol or ethanol, or also in admixture with water, at a temperature from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, is especially suitable. After suitable conventional work up, the compounds of Formula I of this invention are obtained where R is an acyl radical. It is also possible to perform the addition of the thiocarboxylic acid without a solvent as is also conventional.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. In the following examples, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius; unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

The starting compounds of Formula II necessary for performing the reaction according to the invention can be produced as follows:

(1a) 1α,2α;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone

12.0 g of 15β,16β-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone is dissolved in 500 ml of benzene and boiled with 12.0 g of dichlorodicyanoquinone for 20 hours at reflux. After cooling, the precipitated hydroquinone is filtered off, the filtrate is diluted with ether, washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried on magnesium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum. The residue is purified by column chromatography on silica gel. 9.5 g of 15β,16β-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-1,4,6-triene-21,17-carbolactone is obtained.

UV: ε₂₂ =11 500; ε₂₅₅ =9 700; ε₂₉₉ =11 800.

2.63 g of 55% sodium hydride is added to a solution of 14.36 g of trimethylsulfoxonium iodide in 120 ml of dimethylsulfoxide and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. 9.3 g of 15β,16β-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-1,4,6-triene-21,17-carbolactone in 40 ml of DMSO is added dropwise thereto; the mixture is restirred for 1 hour at room temperature and finally precipitated in ice water. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, rewashed with water, absorbed in CH₂ Cl₂, dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum. The resulting crude product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel. 5.5 g of 1α,2α;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone is obtained.

UV: ε₂₈₂ 20 500

Melting point: 203°-205° C.

(2a) 1α,2α;15α,16α-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone

5.0 g of 15α,16α-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone is stirred in 50 ml of dioxane with 5.0 g of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone for 3 hours at 100° C. The reaction solution is cooled, the precipitated hydroquinone is suctioned off and rewashed with dioxane. The filtrate is thoroughly concentrated in a vacuum. The residue is absorbed in ether, washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried and evaporated. After chromatography on silica gel, 3.46 g of 15α,16α-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-1,4,6-triene-21,17-carbolactone is obtained.

UV: ε₂₂₂ =11 250; ε₂₅₄ =9 140; ε₂₉₉ =11 500.

8.8 g of trimethylsulfoxonium iodide is stirred in 99 ml of dimethylsulfoxide with 1.391 g of sodium hydride, a 55% oil suspension, until the hydride dissolves. Then, 2.8 g of 15α,16α-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-1,4,6-triene-21,17-carbolactone is added under argon and stirred again for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction solution is stirred into ice water, made weakly acid with 2N sulfuric acid and the precipitate is filtered out. After dissolution in methylene chloride, it is washed with water, dried and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel, and 2.1 g of 1α,2α;15α,16α-dimethylene-3-oxo-17-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone is obtained.

UV: ε₂₈₁ =19 500.

The starting compounds for (1a) and (2a) above are known and conventionally preparable (cf., e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,564).

EXAMPLE 1

2 ml of thioacetic acid is added dropwise to a solution of 4.7 g of 1α,2α;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone in 15 ml of methanol at 60° C. and stirred for 5 hours at this temperature. After cooling, it is diluted with chloroform, washed with sodium bicarbonate and water, dried on magnesium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum. The resulting crude product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel. 2.84 g of 7α-acetylthio-1α,2α;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone is obtained.

UV: ε₂₃₅ =16 000

Melting point: 257°-259° C.

EXAMPLE 2

1.0 g of 1α,2α;15α,16α-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4,6-diene-21,17-carbolactone is stirred in 20 ml of methanol with 4 ml of water and 1.5 ml of thioacetic acid for 16 hours at room temperature. The reaction solution is then diluted with ether, washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel and, after diisopropyl ether trituration, 460 mg of 7α-acetylthio-1α,2α;15α,16α-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone with a melting point of 246° C. is obtained.

UV=ε₂₃₄ =15 600.

From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A 7α-acylthio-1α,2α-methylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone of the formula ##STR6## wherein ##STR7## and R is C₂₋₄ -alkanoyl.
 2. 7α-acetylthio-1.alpha.,2α;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone, a compound of claim
 1. 3. 7α-acetylthio-1α,2.alpha.;15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone, a compound of claim
 1. 4. A compound of claim 1 wherein ##STR8##
 5. A compound of claim 1 wherein ##STR9##
 6. A compound of claim 1 wherein R is acetyl.
 7. A compound of claim 1 wherein R is propionyl.
 8. A compound of claim 1 wherein R is butyryl.
 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antialdosterone effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 10. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein the amount of antialdosterone compound is 10-100 mg.
 11. A method of achieving an antialdosterone effect in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient an amount of a compound of claim 1 effective as an antialdosterone agent.
 12. A method of claim 11 wherein the amount of antialdosterone compound administered is 20-500 mg per day.
 13. A method of claim 10 wherein the administration is oral. 